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加拿大权利和自由法案, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 里面对人权有精练的说明. 建议你在发信之前好好读读这个法案, 这样才能取得好的效果.

Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms
Fundamental Freedoms
Democratic Rights
Mobility Rights
Legal Rights
Equality Rights
Official Languages of Canada
Minority Language Educational Rights
Enforcement
General
Application of Charter
Citation

Schedule B

Constitution Act, 1982

Enacted as Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.) 1982, c. 11, which came into force on April 17, 1982

PART I

Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

   

Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law:

Rights and freedoms in Canada    1. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.

Fundamental freedoms    2. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:
a) freedom of conscience and religion;
b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication;
c) freedom of peaceful assembly; and
d) freedom of association.
Democratic Rights

Democratic rights of citizens

   3. Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein.

Maximum duration of legislative bodies

   4. (1) No House of Commons and no legislative assembly shall continue for longer than five years from the date fixed for the return of the writs of a general election of its members.

Continuation in special circumstances

   (2) In time of real or apprehended war, invasion or insurrection, a House of Commons may be continued by Parliament and a legislative assembly may be continued by the legislature beyond five years if such continuation is not opposed by the votes of more than one-third of the members of the House of Commons or the legislative assembly, as the case may be.

Annual sitting of legislative bodies

   5. There shall be a sitting of Parliament and of each legislature at least once every twelve months

Mobility of citizens    6. (1) Every citizen of Canada has the right to enter, remain in and leave Canada.
Rights to move and gain livelihood    (2) Every citizen of Canada and every person who has the status of a permanent resident of Canada has the right

a) to move to and take up residence in any province; and
b) to pursue the gaining of a livelihood in any province.
Limitation (3) The rights specified in subsection (2) are subject to

a) any laws or practices of general application in force in a province other than those that discriminate among persons primarily on the basis of province of present or previous residence; and
b) any laws providing for reasonable residency requirements as a qualification for the receipt of publicly provided social services.
Affirmative action programs    (4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration in a province of conditions of individuals in that province who are socially or economically disadvantaged if the rate of employment in that province is below the rate of employment in Canada.

Life, liberty and security of person    7. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
Search or seizure    8. Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure.
Detention or imprisonment    9. Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.
Arrest or detention    10. Everyone has the right on arrest or detention

a) to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor;
b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and
c) to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful.
Proceedings in criminal and penal matters    11. Any person charged with an offence has the right

a) to be informed without unreasonable delay of the specific offence;
b) to be tried within a reasonable time;
c) not to be compelled to be a witness in proceedings against that person in respect of the offence;
d) to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal;
e) not to be denied reasonable bail without just cause;
f) except in the case of an offence under military law tried before a military tribunal, to the benefit of trial by jury where the maximum punishment for the offence is imprisonment for five years or a more severe punishment;
g) not to be found guilty on account of any act or omission unless, at the time of the act or omission, it constituted an offence under Canadian or international law or was criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations;
h) if finally acquitted of the offence, not to be tried for it again and, if finally found guilty and punished for the offence, not to be tried or punished for it again; and
i) if found guilty of the offence and if the punishment for the offence has been varied between the time of commission and the time of sentencing, to the benefit of the lesser punishment.
Treatment or punishment    12. Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.
Self-crimination    13. A witness who testifies in any proceedings has the right not to have any incriminating evidence so given used to incriminate that witness in any other proceedings, except in a prosecution for perjury or for the giving of contradictory evidence.
Interpreter    14. A party or witness in any proceedings who does not understand or speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted or who is deaf has the right to the assistance of an interpreter.

Equality before and under law and equal protection and benefit of law    15. (1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.
Affirmative action programs    (2) Subsection (1) does not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

Official languages of Canada    16. (1) English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and government of Canada.
Official languages of New Brunswick    (2) English and French are the official languages of New Brunswick and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the legislature and government of New Brunswick.
Advancement of status and use    (3) Nothing in this Charter limits the authority of Parliament or a legislature to advance the equality of status or use of English and French.
English and French linguistic communities in New Brunswick    16.1. (1) The English linguistic community and the French linguistic community in New Brunswick have equality of status and equal rights and privileges, including the right to distinct educational institutions and such distinct cultural institutions as are necessary for the preservation and promotion of those communities.
Role of the legislature and government of New Brunswick    (2) The role of the legislature and government of New Brunswick to preserve and promote the status, rights and privileges referred to in subsection (1) is affirmed.
Proceedings of Parliament    17. (1) Everyone has the right to use English or French in any debates and other proceedings of Parliament.
Proceedings of New Brunswick legislature    (2) Everyone has the right to use English or French in any debates and other proceedings of the legislature of New Brunswick.
Parliamentary statutes and records    18. (1) The statutes, records and journals of Parliament shall be printed and published in English and French and both language versions are equally authoritative.
New Brunswick statutes and records    (2) The statutes, records and journals of the legislature of New Brunswick shall be printed and published in English and French and both language versions are equally authoritative.
Proceedings in courts established by Parliament    19. (1) Either English or French may be used by any person in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any court established by Parliament.
Proceedings in New Brunswick courts    (2) Either English or French may be used by any person in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any court of New Brunswick.
Communications by public with federal institutions    20. (1) Any member of the public in Canada has the right to communicate with, and to receive available services from, any head or central office of an institution of the Parliament or government of Canada in English or French, and has the same right with respect to any other office of any such institution where

a) there is a significant demand for communications with and services from that office in such language; or
b) due to the nature of the office, it is reasonable that communications with and services from that office be available in both English and French.
Communications by public with New Brunswick institutions    (2) Any member of the public in New Brunswick has the right to communicate with, and to receive available services from, any office of an institution of the legislature or government of New Brunswick in English or French.
Continuation of existing constitutional provisions    21. Nothing in sections 16 to 20 abrogates or derogates from any right, privilege or obligation with respect to the English and French languages, or either of them, that exists or is continued by virtue of any other provision of the Constitution of Canada.
Rights and privileges preserved    22. Nothing in sections 16 to 20 abrogates or derogates from any legal or customary right or privilege acquired or enjoyed either before or after the coming into force of this Charter with respect to any language that is not English or French.

Language of instruction    23. (1) Citizens of Canada

a) whose first language learned and still understood is that of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province in which they reside, or
b) who have received their primary school instruction in Canada in English or French and reside in a province where the language in which they received that instruction is the language of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province,
have the right to have their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in that language in that province.
Continuity of language instruction    (2) Citizens of Canada of whom any child has received or is receiving primary or secondary school instruction in English or French in Canada, have the right to have all their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in the same language.
Application where numbers warrant    (3) The right of citizens of Canada under subsections (1) and (2) to have their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in the language of the English or French linguistic minority population of a province

a) applies wherever in the province the number of children of citizens who have such a right is sufficient to warrant the provision to them out of public funds of minority language instruction; and
b) includes, where the number of those children so warrants, the right to have them receive that instruction in minority language educational facilities provided out of public funds.

Enforcement of guaranteed rignts and freedoms    24. (1) Anyone whose rights or freedoms, as guaranteed by this Charter, have been infringed or denied may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain such remedy as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances.
Exclusion of evidence bringing administration of justice into disrepute    (2) Where, in proceedings under subsection (1), a court concludes that evidence was obtained in a manner that infringed or denied any rights or freedoms guaranteed by this Charter, the evidence shall be excluded if it is established that, having regard to all the circumstances, the admission of it in the proceedings would bring the administration of justice into disrepute.

Aboriginal rights and freedoms not affected by Charter    25. The guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada including

a) any rights or freedoms that have been recognized by the Royal Proclamation of October 7, 1763; and
b) any rights or freedoms that now exist by way of land claims agreements or may be so acquired.
Other rights and freedoms not affected by Charter    26. The guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed as denying the existence of any other rights or freedoms that exist in Canada.
Multicultural heritage    27. This Charter shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians.
Rights guaranteed equally to both sexes    28. Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.
Rights respecting certain schools preserved    29. Nothing in this Charter abrogates or derogates from any rights or privileges guaranteed by or under the Constitution of Canada in respect of denominational, separate or dissentient schools.(93)
Application to territories and territorial authorities    30. A reference in this Charter to a Province or to the legislative assembly or legislature of a province shall be deemed to include a reference to the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories, or to the appropriate legislative authority thereof, as the case may be.
Legislative powers not extended    31. Nothing in this Charter extends the legislative powers of any body or authority.

Application of Charter    32. (1)This Charter applies

a) to the Parliament and government of Canada in respect of all matters within the authority of Parliament including all matters relating to the Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories; and
b) to the legislature and government of each province in respect of all matters within the authority of the legislature of each province.
Exception    (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), section 15 shall not have effect until three years after this section comes into force.
Exception where express declaration    33. (1) Parliament or the legislature of a province may expressly declare in an Act of Parliament or of the legislature, as the case may be, that the Act or a provision thereof shall operate notwithstanding a provision included in section 2 or sections 7 to 15 of this Charter.
Operation of exception    (2) An Act or a provision of an Act in respect of which a declaration made under this section is in effect shall have such operation as it would have but for the provision of this Charter referred to in the declaration.
Five year limitation    (3) A declaration made under subsection (1) shall cease to have effect five years after it comes into force or on such earlier date as may be specified in the declaration.
Re-enactment    (4) Parliament or the legislature of a province may re-enact a declaration made under subsection (1).
Five year limitation    (5) Subsection (3) applies in respect of a re-enactment made under subsection (4).

Citation    34. This Part may be cited as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.


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Replies, comments and Discussions:

  • 枫下茶话 / 政治经济 / 抗议加拿大总理卖国剥夺移民人权的公开信
    STEPHEN HARPER:

    加拿大政府连我正当要求亲身父母团聚都不批准,还指望团聚移民和资格论证?STEVEN HARPER 身为加拿大总理,处处执行美国政策。连PETER MCKAY 都声称是赖斯的FAN,我看加拿大迟早是美国的一个州。加拿大政府一门心思讨好美国,要把加拿大卖给美国,哪有时间给移民办实事。

    加拿大招移民其实是找LABOUR。加拿大政府只要移民干活,收他们的重税,别说团聚移民和资格论证难于登天,连基本人权父母探亲都故意刁难,你STEPHEN HARPER 是一个身为加拿大总理的美国公民,是一个与美国总统布殊一路货色的扼杀移民人权的刽子手。

    我们移民呼吁你立即停止出卖加拿大,还给我们人权!

    一个现加拿大公民和中国移民
    • badly done. this letter wouldn't reach Mr. Harper. Rewrite it please.
      • please help me to rewrite in English and send to Mr.Harper.
    • Done!
      本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Canadian Prime Minister a traitor to protest denial of the human rights of migrants open letter by xiaolidu (overseas chinese) at 16:16 2007.8.13


      Stephen Harper :

      Canadian government is not even legitimate demands, I personally do not approve of parents reunion, the reunion also expect immigrants and eligibility verification? STEVEN Harper as Prime Minister of Canada, the implementation of policy of the United States everywhere. PETER MCKAY have even claimed to be Rice's FAN, I think sooner or later, Canada is a state of the United States. The Canadian government obsessed with the idea to please the United States, Canada should sell the United States, can there be time for the immigrants, he added.

      Canada strokes immigrants are finding LABOR. Government of Canada to work as long as immigrants, or the heavy duty, let alone reunion migrants and eligibility verification difficult, if not impossible, even the basic human rights of parents to visit relatives are deliberately making things difficult, you Stephen Harper is the Prime Minister of Canada as a United States citizen, is one with President Bush cahoots stifling the human rights of migrants executioner .

      We appeal to you to immediately immigrants to stop selling Canada, the return of our human rights!

      One is a Canadian citizen and Chinese immigrants更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
      • 就冲你翻译的第一个词,我签个字先。
        • lol, u r funny
      • Thank for your translation. I shall send to Mr.Harper and Canada Citizenship and Immigration Minister to protest
        • 顺便说句,把他翻译的第一个词改成fXXXing好些,骂归骂,有具体动作就不好了 :P
      • Protested Canadian premier betrays country deprives the immigration human rights the open letter(Translation), LOL
        本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛STEPHEN HARPER:
        Canada Government I right request the parents to reunite by oneself all do not authorize, but also counts on the reunion immigration and the qualifications proof? STEVEN the HARPER body is Canadian premier, everywhere carries out the American policy.Including PETER MCKAY all declared is Rice's FAN, I thought Canada sooner or later is a US's state.
        Canadian Government with all one's heart flatters US, must sell to Canada US, where has the time to move the managed by the people real situation.
        Canada incurs the immigrant actually looks for LABOUR.
        So long as Canadian Government immigrates to work, receives their high taxes, let alone the reunion immigration and the qualifications proof difficulty with ascends to heaven, visits relatives including the basic human rights parents all intentionally makes things hard for somebody, your STEPHEN HARPER is a body for the Canadian premier's American citizen, is one the cloth different birds of a feather strangles the immigration human rights with American president the executioner.
        We immigrate to appeal you stop betraying Canada immediately, returns to give back to our human rights!
        Presently Canadian citizen and Chinese immigrant更多精彩文章及讨论,请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net
      • u r not nice, :D
    • Everyone has right to migrate, i.e. move from one country to another. But the host country also has its right to decide to give you the privilege to enter the country or not, based on its own best interest. Don't be naive!
      • I know Stephen Harper has right to sell Canada to U.S.if he has majoroty, as Hitler had right to kill Jews. He also has right not to allow my parent visit us in Canada. But we have rights to protest I don't think it is naive.
        • If women didn't fight and Black people didn't fight yesterday, there is no equal in today law. So if we are silent about the Stephen Harper's discriminating immigration policy, we have never equal right in employment,education and family reunion.
          • you went way too far. you don't know the difference between right and privilege.
        • 你抗议可以,但是我觉得你还是应该说明是怎么回事,说实在话,我就看明白拒了你的探亲申请,可是理由是什么呢?楼下那位说得还不错,right和privilege还是有点区别的。如果你有理,那就找地方申诉呗。这信不是不该写,是你写得很模糊,都不明白前因后果啊
          • It is regretful that everybody who made comments here easily forgot Mr.Stephen Harper accused china of spying or no human rights, do you think he has any proof? No. As he is prime minister of Canada
            • , you can expect which suffer waits for you, immigrants from China. Reunion refused only the tip of iceberg.
              • It is the other story that you like being discriminated, being a labour or becoming U.S. citizen by following Mr.Harper or choosing silent when you encounter power-abusing.
                • As you said PM is such a bad guy, do you think just write him a letter with f-words will make any difference? Why not just go back to China to enjoy your right and freedom there?
            • yes, 被狗咬了就一定要咬回去.
            • what's your point? to my opinion,these are totally different story??BTW,you still dont tell us what happen to your case?what's the reason they reject your case?
    • 我早就说过,你这种人居然申请加拿大公民就是找死,这么坏的国家,你还把父母投入火坑,你还是人吗。既然与父母团聚这么重要,你为什么不马上回中国,你为什么抛弃父母独自移民?
      • ha ha ha
      • 该死的是你!
    • 哈珀就是卖国贼、汉奸、美国的走狗,他出卖了加拿大所有的利益,他强奸民意,不让加拿大公民与父母团聚,他赤裸裸地侵犯了加拿大公民的人权,我代表全体加拿大人民要求哈珀下台!
      • ha ha ha
      • 汉奸?加奸!
      • 虽然我和你一样,希望父母能够过来,可是,事实是,大部分加拿大公民并不欢迎父母移民. 你说的民意只是你和我这样的移民的想法而已
        • 这是探亲,不是你说的移民。自从HARPER政府上台以来,对移民更加歧视,甚至连中国的探亲请求都处处刁难。女儿自杀都不许父母探求就是一个例子。他现在还是MINORITY,如果MAJORITY, 移民日子更加难过。
          • 确实有些人以探亲的名义来了就赖着不走了
    • 真能搞笑. 苦笑.
    • 加拿大居然不准自己的公民去中国和父母团圆,这种国家的国籍要来何用?好在楼主还没有入籍,快买机票逃出加拿大,我们大家捐点机票钱吧...
    • 瞧这信写的,还有比这更差的吗??????
      • 不知道的你这位自以为聪明的老兄能写出什么高明的东西
    • 加拿大权利和自由法案, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 里面对人权有精练的说明. 建议你在发信之前好好读读这个法案, 这样才能取得好的效果.
      Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

      Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms
      Fundamental Freedoms
      Democratic Rights
      Mobility Rights
      Legal Rights
      Equality Rights
      Official Languages of Canada
      Minority Language Educational Rights
      Enforcement
      General
      Application of Charter
      Citation

      Schedule B

      Constitution Act, 1982

      Enacted as Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.) 1982, c. 11, which came into force on April 17, 1982

      PART I

      Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

         

      Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law:

      Rights and freedoms in Canada    1. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.

      Fundamental freedoms    2. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:
      a) freedom of conscience and religion;
      b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication;
      c) freedom of peaceful assembly; and
      d) freedom of association.
      Democratic Rights

      Democratic rights of citizens

         3. Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein.

      Maximum duration of legislative bodies

         4. (1) No House of Commons and no legislative assembly shall continue for longer than five years from the date fixed for the return of the writs of a general election of its members.

      Continuation in special circumstances

         (2) In time of real or apprehended war, invasion or insurrection, a House of Commons may be continued by Parliament and a legislative assembly may be continued by the legislature beyond five years if such continuation is not opposed by the votes of more than one-third of the members of the House of Commons or the legislative assembly, as the case may be.

      Annual sitting of legislative bodies

         5. There shall be a sitting of Parliament and of each legislature at least once every twelve months

      Mobility of citizens    6. (1) Every citizen of Canada has the right to enter, remain in and leave Canada.
      Rights to move and gain livelihood    (2) Every citizen of Canada and every person who has the status of a permanent resident of Canada has the right

      a) to move to and take up residence in any province; and
      b) to pursue the gaining of a livelihood in any province.
      Limitation (3) The rights specified in subsection (2) are subject to

      a) any laws or practices of general application in force in a province other than those that discriminate among persons primarily on the basis of province of present or previous residence; and
      b) any laws providing for reasonable residency requirements as a qualification for the receipt of publicly provided social services.
      Affirmative action programs    (4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration in a province of conditions of individuals in that province who are socially or economically disadvantaged if the rate of employment in that province is below the rate of employment in Canada.

      Life, liberty and security of person    7. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
      Search or seizure    8. Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure.
      Detention or imprisonment    9. Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.
      Arrest or detention    10. Everyone has the right on arrest or detention

      a) to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor;
      b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and
      c) to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful.
      Proceedings in criminal and penal matters    11. Any person charged with an offence has the right

      a) to be informed without unreasonable delay of the specific offence;
      b) to be tried within a reasonable time;
      c) not to be compelled to be a witness in proceedings against that person in respect of the offence;
      d) to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal;
      e) not to be denied reasonable bail without just cause;
      f) except in the case of an offence under military law tried before a military tribunal, to the benefit of trial by jury where the maximum punishment for the offence is imprisonment for five years or a more severe punishment;
      g) not to be found guilty on account of any act or omission unless, at the time of the act or omission, it constituted an offence under Canadian or international law or was criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations;
      h) if finally acquitted of the offence, not to be tried for it again and, if finally found guilty and punished for the offence, not to be tried or punished for it again; and
      i) if found guilty of the offence and if the punishment for the offence has been varied between the time of commission and the time of sentencing, to the benefit of the lesser punishment.
      Treatment or punishment    12. Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.
      Self-crimination    13. A witness who testifies in any proceedings has the right not to have any incriminating evidence so given used to incriminate that witness in any other proceedings, except in a prosecution for perjury or for the giving of contradictory evidence.
      Interpreter    14. A party or witness in any proceedings who does not understand or speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted or who is deaf has the right to the assistance of an interpreter.

      Equality before and under law and equal protection and benefit of law    15. (1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.
      Affirmative action programs    (2) Subsection (1) does not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

      Official languages of Canada    16. (1) English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and government of Canada.
      Official languages of New Brunswick    (2) English and French are the official languages of New Brunswick and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the legislature and government of New Brunswick.
      Advancement of status and use    (3) Nothing in this Charter limits the authority of Parliament or a legislature to advance the equality of status or use of English and French.
      English and French linguistic communities in New Brunswick    16.1. (1) The English linguistic community and the French linguistic community in New Brunswick have equality of status and equal rights and privileges, including the right to distinct educational institutions and such distinct cultural institutions as are necessary for the preservation and promotion of those communities.
      Role of the legislature and government of New Brunswick    (2) The role of the legislature and government of New Brunswick to preserve and promote the status, rights and privileges referred to in subsection (1) is affirmed.
      Proceedings of Parliament    17. (1) Everyone has the right to use English or French in any debates and other proceedings of Parliament.
      Proceedings of New Brunswick legislature    (2) Everyone has the right to use English or French in any debates and other proceedings of the legislature of New Brunswick.
      Parliamentary statutes and records    18. (1) The statutes, records and journals of Parliament shall be printed and published in English and French and both language versions are equally authoritative.
      New Brunswick statutes and records    (2) The statutes, records and journals of the legislature of New Brunswick shall be printed and published in English and French and both language versions are equally authoritative.
      Proceedings in courts established by Parliament    19. (1) Either English or French may be used by any person in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any court established by Parliament.
      Proceedings in New Brunswick courts    (2) Either English or French may be used by any person in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any court of New Brunswick.
      Communications by public with federal institutions    20. (1) Any member of the public in Canada has the right to communicate with, and to receive available services from, any head or central office of an institution of the Parliament or government of Canada in English or French, and has the same right with respect to any other office of any such institution where

      a) there is a significant demand for communications with and services from that office in such language; or
      b) due to the nature of the office, it is reasonable that communications with and services from that office be available in both English and French.
      Communications by public with New Brunswick institutions    (2) Any member of the public in New Brunswick has the right to communicate with, and to receive available services from, any office of an institution of the legislature or government of New Brunswick in English or French.
      Continuation of existing constitutional provisions    21. Nothing in sections 16 to 20 abrogates or derogates from any right, privilege or obligation with respect to the English and French languages, or either of them, that exists or is continued by virtue of any other provision of the Constitution of Canada.
      Rights and privileges preserved    22. Nothing in sections 16 to 20 abrogates or derogates from any legal or customary right or privilege acquired or enjoyed either before or after the coming into force of this Charter with respect to any language that is not English or French.

      Language of instruction    23. (1) Citizens of Canada

      a) whose first language learned and still understood is that of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province in which they reside, or
      b) who have received their primary school instruction in Canada in English or French and reside in a province where the language in which they received that instruction is the language of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province,
      have the right to have their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in that language in that province.
      Continuity of language instruction    (2) Citizens of Canada of whom any child has received or is receiving primary or secondary school instruction in English or French in Canada, have the right to have all their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in the same language.
      Application where numbers warrant    (3) The right of citizens of Canada under subsections (1) and (2) to have their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in the language of the English or French linguistic minority population of a province

      a) applies wherever in the province the number of children of citizens who have such a right is sufficient to warrant the provision to them out of public funds of minority language instruction; and
      b) includes, where the number of those children so warrants, the right to have them receive that instruction in minority language educational facilities provided out of public funds.

      Enforcement of guaranteed rignts and freedoms    24. (1) Anyone whose rights or freedoms, as guaranteed by this Charter, have been infringed or denied may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain such remedy as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances.
      Exclusion of evidence bringing administration of justice into disrepute    (2) Where, in proceedings under subsection (1), a court concludes that evidence was obtained in a manner that infringed or denied any rights or freedoms guaranteed by this Charter, the evidence shall be excluded if it is established that, having regard to all the circumstances, the admission of it in the proceedings would bring the administration of justice into disrepute.

      Aboriginal rights and freedoms not affected by Charter    25. The guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada including

      a) any rights or freedoms that have been recognized by the Royal Proclamation of October 7, 1763; and
      b) any rights or freedoms that now exist by way of land claims agreements or may be so acquired.
      Other rights and freedoms not affected by Charter    26. The guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed as denying the existence of any other rights or freedoms that exist in Canada.
      Multicultural heritage    27. This Charter shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians.
      Rights guaranteed equally to both sexes    28. Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.
      Rights respecting certain schools preserved    29. Nothing in this Charter abrogates or derogates from any rights or privileges guaranteed by or under the Constitution of Canada in respect of denominational, separate or dissentient schools.(93)
      Application to territories and territorial authorities    30. A reference in this Charter to a Province or to the legislative assembly or legislature of a province shall be deemed to include a reference to the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories, or to the appropriate legislative authority thereof, as the case may be.
      Legislative powers not extended    31. Nothing in this Charter extends the legislative powers of any body or authority.

      Application of Charter    32. (1)This Charter applies

      a) to the Parliament and government of Canada in respect of all matters within the authority of Parliament including all matters relating to the Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories; and
      b) to the legislature and government of each province in respect of all matters within the authority of the legislature of each province.
      Exception    (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), section 15 shall not have effect until three years after this section comes into force.
      Exception where express declaration    33. (1) Parliament or the legislature of a province may expressly declare in an Act of Parliament or of the legislature, as the case may be, that the Act or a provision thereof shall operate notwithstanding a provision included in section 2 or sections 7 to 15 of this Charter.
      Operation of exception    (2) An Act or a provision of an Act in respect of which a declaration made under this section is in effect shall have such operation as it would have but for the provision of this Charter referred to in the declaration.
      Five year limitation    (3) A declaration made under subsection (1) shall cease to have effect five years after it comes into force or on such earlier date as may be specified in the declaration.
      Re-enactment    (4) Parliament or the legislature of a province may re-enact a declaration made under subsection (1).
      Five year limitation    (5) Subsection (3) applies in respect of a re-enactment made under subsection (4).

      Citation    34. This Part may be cited as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.


      • 自由与权利法案, 我们已READ 多次。这也是我们选择移民与入籍的依据。但HARPER 政府能遵守多少条?连保守党议员都不能自由发表言论,何谈言论自由?